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 崇文英语 - 8年级 2006-5期 Lesson Zone KeyPoints

掌握“三点法”巧辩易混词


(江苏东台 周慧东)

1. for, since & from

for, since, from都可以用作时间状语的引导词。
介词for后接一段时间,通常用于完成时的句子中,说明某种活动持续了多久。例如:

The old lady has lived in the house for more than twenty years.
那位老太太在那座房子里住了二十多年了。

since意为“自从,自……”,后接时间点,表示从过去某点时间开始延续到现在为止。例如:

It hasn't rained since three weeks ago. 
已经三周没有下雨了。

from表示时间的起点,常与to或till连用,构成短语“from ... to (till) ... ”意为“从……到……”,通常指时间上的起始与终了。例如:

What were you doing from eight to nine last night?
昨晚八点到九点你在干什么?

据句意,选用for, since或from填空。

 I have been back     over two months.
It has been half an hour     Alice left there.
 The meeting will be held     June 2 to June 12 in Wuhan.

2. still & yet

still和yet都有“仍然,还”的意思。
still表示某事还在进行之中,多用于肯定句中,它还可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级,意为“更加”。例如:

He is tall, but she is still taller.
他很高,但是她更高。

yet表示某事尚未完成,多用于否定句或带有否定词的陈述句中;它还可以作连词,意为“然而”。例如:

The girl hasn't found a job yet.
那个女孩还没有找到一份工作。
She has a lot of money, yet she doesn't feel happy.
她有很多钱,但是她并不感到快乐。

根据句意,选用still或yet填空。

 At the end of the last lap, the two runners were     neck and neck.
They haven't     decided where to spend the weekend.

3. task, duty & job

task, duty, job都有“工作”或“任务”的意思。
task表示雇主、父母或老师所摊派、分配、布置或强加的工作,一般意为“任务;工作”。词义引申以后,task不指别人强加的“任务”,而指自己的业务或生活境况或自己的信仰所赋予的“任务”。例如:

I set myself the task of chopping up the firewood.
我给自己安排了劈柴的任务。

duty在表示“工作;活儿”时,总含有“义务”或“份内的事”的意思。例如:

It is my duty to warn you.
我有责任向你提出警告。

job在表示“工作;活儿”时,既不包含强加的意思,也不表示对谁承担“义务”的意思,而表示“自己所从事的业务、职业或行业方面的工作。”例如:

In fact, the repair job was not quite so simple.
事实上,修理工作并非如此简单。

根据句意,用task, duty或job的适当形式填空。

 After the young man left school, he began to look for a    .
"Who's on     today?" the teacher asked.
As the only child of the family, Vera's     is to water flowers every day.

4. allow, permit& let

allow, permit, let都有“准许”的意思。
permit和allow在许多情况下可以通用,但它比allow正式,含有“积极地、从正面地允许”的意义, 往往指经过考虑正式“允许”做某事。例如:

They don't permit you to smoke.
他们不允许你抽烟。

allow指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”,偏重“默许”或“听任”,含义较消极。例如:

Each passenger is allowed to bring twenty-five kilogrammes of luggage.
每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。

let 在三个词中最不正式,较口语化,语意最弱,指“给予可能或同意”,有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意。let宾语后的动词必须用不带to的不定式。例如:

Let him wait.  让他等一等。

根据句意,用allow, permit或let的适当形式填空。

 The boss     each of the worker five hundred yuan a month at last.
 My mother doesn't     dogs in the house.
 My mother wouldn't     me go to see the film.

5. instead & instead of

instead和instead of都有“代替、顶替”的意思。
instead是副词,在句子中作状语,使用时应注意以下几点:
a. 通常可以置于句末,其前不用逗号。例如:

Give me a green one instead.
给我换个绿色的吧!

b. 也可以置于句首,其后可以用逗号,也可以不用。例如:

Instead you should try to help them.
相反,你应该努力帮助他们。

c. 起着衔接两个句子、分句或短语的作用。例如:

Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I'm going to Guangzhou instead.
去年夏天我去了北京,今年我打算去广州。

"instead of" 是介词短语,它主要有以下几种用法:
a. 后面接名词或代词。例如:

He will go instead of me tomorrow.
明天他将代替我去。

b. 后面接动词-ing形式。例如:

He went to school instead of staying at home.
他没有待在家里而是上学去了。

c. "instead of "有时可用来连接两个对等的语法成分,也就是说,它后面可以接形容词、副词或介词短语等。例如:

They went there on foot instead of by bus.
他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。

用instead或instead of填空。

 He is tired. Let me do it    .
If it rains tomorrow, I'll read at home     going fishing.

6. receive, accept & take

receive, accept, take都有“接受”的意思。
receive通常表示被动地接受。例如:

Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra £100 a year!
后来他笑了,并且告诉我说,我将一年收到一百英镑的额外收入!

accept通常表示主动而且欣然地接受。例如:

She has received his present, but she will not accept it.
她收到了他的礼物,但她是不会接受的。

take所表示的接受包含着有人赠予的意思。例如:

Did you take his advice? 你接受他的建议吗?

根据句意,用receive, accept或take的适当形式填空。

 He     a lot of gifts that day, but he didn't     them.
Do you think he will     our invitation?
 He     anything he is given.

7. choose, select & pick

 choose, select, pick都有“挑选”的意思。
choose强调在“选择”某物时的意愿,特别是当挑选物只有两个时,我们应当用choose。例如:

You can choose any of the two books.
你可以选择这两本书中的任何一本。

当供选择物多时,最好用select, 因为有较多的被挑选物,挑选人就必须加以鉴别。例如:

They were selected from many applicants.
他们是从许多申请者当中选出来的。

pick在用作“挑选”时,不强调鉴别,也不强调意愿。如:

Tom picked a red shirt because he liked red.
姆挑选了一件红衬衣,因为他喜欢红颜色。

根据句意,用choose, pick或select的适当形式填空。

 Mrs Brown lets her son     his own Christmas present.
 I had nothing to do that day and     a book to read.
 Whom shall we     for the captain of our school football team, Larry or Nick?


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