1.What happened on "Young Lives" last night? 昨晚的“年轻的生活”里发生了什么事? (P 27)
(1) happen为不及物动词,通常指偶然事件的“发生”。“happen to sb.”可用来表示“某人发生某事”,happen的主语不能用表示人的词语,它的主语通常由accident或it,what,this,thing, something等代词担任。如果表示事先安排或有准备的事件,则用take place,其主语常是表“运动,活动,会议”的名词。happen和take place都不能用于被动。
【例如】:
The accident happened to him at three this afternoon. The sports meeting took place in our school last week.
(2) “happen to do”表示“碰巧……”。
【例如】:
I happened to be out when he called.
2. I will call you tomorrow. 我明天打电话给你。(P 27)
(1) call 意为“喊叫,打电话给……”。
【例如】:
Who is calling in the yard? I'll call you again in a minute.
(call = ring,phone)
(2) “call sb.”意为“叫某人,招呼某人”。
【例如】:
It's Tom's telephone. Call him,please!
(3) “call sb. sth.”意为“将某人叫做……”。
【例如】:
Don't call me Lily, call me Lucy.
(4) “call on”意为“访问某人”。
【例如】:
We are going to call on the old teachers.
3. You are at B's house working on a homework project. 你正在B的家里做家庭作业计划。(P 28)
(1) “work on”是“继续工作”、“不断工作”的意思。
【例如】:
He has been working on a new novel for over a year.
(2) 和work搭配的常用短语还有work out,表示“算出、解决、制定出、消耗完 (精力等)” 的意思。
【例如】:
He worked out the physics problem. Let's work out a plan. He never seems to be worked out.
4. It all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework. 起因是她问我是否能抄我的作业。(P 31)
(1) if表示“是否”,在句中引导了一个宾语从句。if还可以用whether替换。if表示“如果”的意思时引导条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
【例如】:
If you lost it, you must pay for it. If I am better tomorrow, I will get up. If she finishes early, she will go home.
(2) copy ① 作动词,意为“抄写,复制,模仿,抄袭”。
【例如】:
The young boy copied his father's way of walking.
② 作名词,意为“抄本,复制品,(书报杂志等的)一本,一册”。
【例如】:
He is a copy of his father. Please make a copy of this letter.
5. I said I didn't think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework. 我说我认为她抄我的作业不是一个好主意。(P 31)
it是形式主语,“(for sb.) to do ...” 是真正的主语;如要强调不定式动作的执行者,就在不定式前面加“for sb.”。形容词 / 名词表示的是整个不定式的情况如何或怎样。
【例如】:
It's difficult for him to do it. It's easy for me to answer the question. It was a mistake for him not to help others.
在用某些形容词作表语时,不定式前的“for sb.” 常改为“of sb.”,这些形容词往往也可以修饰人,强调人的情况,常见的有:kind,nice,good,clever,foolish,wrong,rude, careless等。
【例如】:
It's kind of you to do so. It's wrong of him to say so.
6. I want you to remember the rules for school parties. 我想让你记住一下学校开晚会的规则。(P 36)
(1) ①“want sb. to do”表示“想要某人做某事”。
【例如】:
I want him to give me a call back. I want you to give me a hand.
② “want to do sth.” 表示“想要做某事”。
【例如】:
I want to think it over. Did you want to tell me something?
(2) remember作及物动词,意为“记住,想起”,后可跟名词 / 人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。
【例如】:
I can't remember his name. Do you remember me?
remember的常用用法: (1) “remember to do sth.” 表示“记住将来做某事”,指尚未做某事。
【例如】:
Remember to let him call me back as soon as he is back. Remember to turn off the lights before you leave.
(2) “remember doing sth.” 表示“记得曾经做过某事”,指已经做了某事。
【例如】:
I remember hearing the story somewhere. Do you remember locking the door?
7. Don't wear jeans! If you wear jeans, we won't let you in. 不要穿牛仔裤!如果你非要穿,我们就不让你进去。(P 36)
(1) jeans的词意是“牛仔裤”,往往使用复数形式,与trousers,pants等一样。如果要表达“一条牛仔裤”,要用a pair of jeans的表达方式。
【例如】:
This pair of jeans is too long.Could you show me another pair?
(2) “let in”意为“让某人参加,允许进去”。此处的in是副词,与take part in同义。 let go 放开,放松 let out 放出,泄露
【例如】:
Let go (of my arm)!You're hurting me. The girl let out a cry.
8. — I'm going to the school party. 我要去参加学校聚会。 — Me,too. 我也去。(P 36)
(1)“be going to + 动词原形” 表示说话者的主观打算。
【例如】:
We're going to have a basketball match tomorrow. The musician is going to give us a concert next week.
(2) “Me,too.” = “I'm going to the school party,too.” 意为“我也要去参加学校聚会。” "Me, too."是一种省略用法。
9. If you become a professional athlete, you'll be able to make a living by doing something you love. 如果做了专业的运动员,你就可以做你喜欢的事来谋生。(P 38)
(1) “be able to” 后接动词原形,意为“能,会”,可用于各种时态。
【例如】:
She is able to speak French. He was able to carry that big box.
(2) “make a living by ...” 表示“靠……谋生”。by意为“靠……”,表示方式,后接动名词。
【例如】:
He made a living by teaching. The old man made a living by fishing.
10. Many athletes give money to schools and charities, and do a lot of work to help people. 许多运动员给学校和慈善机构钱,并且做很多工作去帮助别人。(P 38)
(1) “give sth. to sb.”意为“把某物给某人”,还可以表示为“give sb. sth.”。
【例如】:
Please give the dictionary to me. = Please give me the dictionary.
(2)“do ... to ...”表示“做某事的目的是……”,to是动词不定式的标志,后接动词原形,表示目的。
【例如】:
He got up early to catch the first bus. I do it like that to let my mother happy.
名人明言
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. ——French Writer Alexander Dumas 生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 ——法国作家 大仲马
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